Story In the farm

Story 2

In the farm

عِنْدَ جَدّي مَزْرَعَةٌ كَبِيْرةٌ , فيها بقرةٌ شَقْراءُ يَسيرُ قُرْبها عِجْلُها الصَّغيرُ
aainda jaddi mazraatun kabeeratun , fiha baqratun shaqraau yaseeru qurbaha aaijluhas saghiru
My grandfather have a large farm, in it a blonde cow,  near her, her small calf move


Sentence analysis:

عِنْدَ == aainda == have 
جَدّي == jaddi == my grandfather (noun+pronoun)
مَزْرَعَةٌ == mazratu == farm (noun)
كَبِيْرةٌ == kabeeratu == big (adjective)
فيها == fiha == in it/her (preposition + pronoun)
بقرةٌ == baqratun == cow (noun)
شَقْراءُ == shaqrau == blonde (adjective)
يَسيرُ == yaseeru == he walk/move (present tense verb)
قُرْبها == qurbuhu == near her/it 
عِجْلُها == aaijluha == her calf (noun + attached pronoun)
الصَّغيرُ ==as-saghiru == small (adjective)


Further analysis:

1. جَدّي 
جَدّي == jaddi == my grandfather

جَدّ + ي
ee + jadd
my + grandfather
pronoun + noun

2. Adjective Phrase
In adjective phrase, adjective comes after the noun and must follow noun in these things:
1. definite/indefinte
2. singular/plural
3. masculine/feminine
4. case ending

مَزْرَعَةٌ كَبِيْرةٌ and بقرةٌ شَقْراءُ are adjective phrase

مَزْرَعَةٌ كَبِيْرةٌ 
kabeeratun + mazraatun 
big + farm
adjective + noun

Here:
1. Adjective kabeeratun (big) is indefinite as noun mazraatun (farm).
2. Adjective kabeeratun (big) is singular as noun mazraatun (farm).
3. Adjective kabeeratun (big) is feminine as noun mazraatun (farm).
4. Adjective kabeeratun (big) have same case ending as noun mazraatun (farm), here nominative (have double dammah).

بقرةٌ شَقْراءُ

3.عِجْلُها الصَّغيرُ

عِجْلُها الصَّغيرُ
as-saghiru + aaijluha
small + her calf
adjective + possessive phrase

عِجْلُها
ha + aaijlu
her + calf
mudaf ilaihi + mudaf

Possessive Phrase: 
It is a phrase in which the first word mudaaf (possessed) is attributed to the second one mudaaf ilaihi (possessor ). In some cases, this means that the second word
owns or possesses the first.
Possessive phrase has two parts: possessor (that own _____ ) and possessed (that is being owned). 

Example:
نافذة + الغرفة
nafidatul + ghurfate
window of + the room
possessor + possessed 

Possessed: 
It can be in any case depending on its use in the sentence.
It never has tanween or (ال) definte article . 

Possessive:
It must always be in the genitive case ( the last vowel must be a kasrah or kasratain).
It can be definite or indefinite,

Here:
Aaijlu (عِجْلُ) is mudaf so it can't have tanween or definite article (ال).
ha (ها) is mudaf ilaihi, mudaf ilaihi is always genitive but as we know that personal pronoun are indeclinable (doesn't change case ending) so "ha" didn't take kasrah.

الصَّغيرُ
as-saghiru (small) belong to mudaf (small ==> calf == small calf). When adjective belong to mudaf , it must have:
definite article (ال),
same gender as of mudaaf
and same ending case with mudaaf.

Here:
1. the siffa/adjective (as-saghiru) have definite article (ال) 
2. the siffa (as-saghiru) and mudaaf (aaijlu) have same ending case (here nominative) 
3. the siffa (as-saghiru) and mudaaf (aaijlu) have same gender (here masculine) 

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و فيها عشْرُ دَجَاجَاتٍ سمينة تَضَعُ البيضَ الطازجَ و معها ديك أحمرُ يَمْشِي بَيْنَها كالسُّلْطانِ
wa fiha aashru dajajaten saminaton tadaaul baydat taazaja wa maaaha daykun ahmarun yamshi baynaha kas sultan
and in it ten fat hens , they lay fresh eggs and with them a red rooster , he walks between them like a leader


Sentence Analysis:
و == wa == and (connective particle)
فيها == fiha == in it/her (preposition + pronoun)
عشْرُ == aashru == ten 
دَجَاجَاتٍ == dajajaten == hens (noun)
سمينة == saminaton == fat (adjective)
تَضَعُ == tadaau == she lay (present tense verb)
البيضَ == al-bayda == the eggs (definite noun)
الطازجَ == at-taazaj == fresh (adjective) 
و == wa == and (connective particle)
معها == maaha == with her 
ديك == daykun == rooster (noun)
أحمرُ == ahmarun == red (adjective)
يَمْشِي == yamshi == he walks (present tense verb) 
بَيْنَها == baynah == between it
كالسُّلْطانِ == kas sultan == like a king (preposition + noun)


Further analysis:

1. number + noun 
عشْرُ دَجَاجَاتٍ سمينة
fat hens + ten
noun + number

The rule for numbers from 3-10 is that:
1. if maadud (the noun that is counted) is masculine, the number is femininie
2. if maadud is feminine , the number is masculine
3. The maadud is genitive plural

here noun  دَجَاجَاتٍ is feminine so masculine number will be used عشْرُ .
Masculine: عَشْرُ 
Feminine: عَشْرَةُ

دَجَاجَاتٍ is feminine plural and also genitive.

2. Adjective phrase:
In adjective phrase, adjective comes after the noun and must follow noun in these things:
1. definite/indefinte
2. singular/plural
3. masculine/feminine
4. case ending

دَجَاجَاتٍ سمينة
دَجَاجَاتٍ == dajajaten == hens (noun)
سمينة == saminaton == fat (adjective)

البيضَ الطازجَ 
البيضَ == al-bayda == the eggs (definite noun)
الطازجَ == at-taazaj == fresh (adjective) 

ديك أحمرُ
ديك == daykun == rooster (noun)
أحمرُ == ahmarun == red (adjective)



3. تَضَعُ
تَضَعُ == tadaau == she lay (present tense verb)

As we know that non-human plural are treated as feminine singular. Here دَجَاجَاتٍ is non-human plural so it will be treated as feminie singular.  Because of that we use تَضَعُ (they lay) instead of يَضَعْنَ (they lay).

Same apply to معها and بَيْنَها 
معها == maaha == with her (here refered to hens : with them)
بَيْنَها == baynah == between it (here refered to hens : between them)


4. كالسُّلْطانِ
كالسُّلْطانِ == kas sultan == like a king (preposition + noun)

ك  + السُّلْطانِ
sultane + ka 
leader + like 
noun + preposition

Noun after preposition is genitive (take kasrah).

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وفي المزرعة خروفٌ صوفُهُ أبيضُ ناعمٌ  وَ حِصَانٌ أسْوَدُ يَرْكَبُهُ جَدّي
wa fi mazraate khuroofun sufuhu abyadu naaemun wa hisanun aaswadu yarkabuhu jaddi
and in the farm is lamb whose wool is white soft and black horse , my grandfather ride it


Sentence analysis:
و == wa == and connective particle
في == fi == in (preposition)
المزرعة == al-mazrate == the farm (definite noun)
خروفٌ == khuroofun == lamb (noun)
صوفُهُ  == sufuhu  == his/it's wool (noun + attached pronoun)
أبيضُ == abyadu == white (adjective)
ناعمٌ  == naaemun == soft (adjective)
وَ == wa == and (connective particle)
حِصَانٌ == hisanun == horse (indefinite noun)
أسْوَدُ == aswadu = black (adjective)
يَرْكَبُهُ == yarkabuhu == he ride it (present tense verb + attached pronoun)
جَدّي == jaddi == my grandfather (noun +  attached pronoun)



Further analysis:

1. Diptotes
Diptotes are the nouns and adjective which can never have tanween. Adjectives on the pattern of أَفْعَلُ are diptote.
أبيضُ == abyadu == white (adjective)
أسْوَدُ == aswadu = black (adjective)

Here both adjective أبيضُ and أسْوَدُ are on the pattern of أَفْعَلُ so they can't take tanween.

2. حِصَانٌ أسْوَدُ 
is an adjective phrase. already explained :)

3. خروفٌ صوفُهُ أبيضُ ناعمٌ 
i am also unable to explain it 

4. يَرْكَبُهُ
يَرْكَبُ  + هُ
hu + yarkabu 
it + he rides
attached pronoun + verb 

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في المَساءِ يَدْخُلُ العِجْلُ و البَقَرَةُ إلى الحظيرَةِ , والدّجاجُ إلى الخُمّ , و الحِصاَنُ إلى الإصطَبْلِ 
fil masaae yadkhulul aaijlu wal baqratu ilal khazirate , wad dajjaju ilal khume , wal hisanu ilal istablee 
in the evening the calf and cown enter the barn , and the hens in the coop, and horse in the stable)


Sentence Analysis:

في == fi == in 
(preposition)

المَساءِ == al-masaae == the evening 
(adverb , case: genitive coz of preposition)

يَدْخُلُ == yadkhulu == he enters 
(present tense verb)

العِجْلُ == al-aaijlu == the calf 
(definte noun, singular, Plural is : عجول aaujul)

و == wa == and 
(connective particle)

البَقَرَةُ == al-baqra == the cow 
(definite noun)
إلى == ila == to 
(preposition)

الحظيرَةِ == al-khazirate == the barn  
(definite noun, case:genitive coz of preposition)

و == wa == and 
(connective particle)

الدّجاجُ == ad-dajjaju = the hens 
(definite noun, plural, Singular is: دجاجة dajaaja)

إلى == ila == to 
(preposition)

الخُمّ == al-khume == coop 
(definite noun, case:genitive coz of preposition)

و == wa == and 
(connective particle)

الحِصاَنُ == al-hisano == the horse 
(definite noun, Singular, plural is: حصن husun)

إلى == ila == to 
(preposition)

الإصطَبْلِ == al-istable == the stable 
(definite noun,  case:genitive coz of preposition)

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أمَّا الكَلْبُ القَوِيُّ فَيَحْرُسُ المَزْرَعَةَ
ammal kalbul qaweeyo fayahrusul mazraata
as for the strong dog so he guard the farm

Sentence analysis:

أمَّا == amma == as for 
الكَلْبُ == al-kalbu == the dog (definite noun)
القَوِيُّ == al-qaweeyo == the strong (definite noun)
فَ == fa == so (connective particle)
يَحْرُسُ == yahrusu == he guards (present tense verb)
المَزْرَعَةَ == al-mazrate == the farm (definite noun)


Further analysis:

1. الكَلْبُ القَوِيُّ

Adjective phrase
i have already explained :)

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يَعِيشُ جَدّي في مَزْرَعَتِهِ سَعيداً رَاضِياً

yaaaishu jaddi fi mazraatehi saaeedan radian

my grandfather lives in his farm happy, contented

Sentence analysis:

يَعِيشُ == yaaishu == he lives (Present tense verb) 

جَدّي == jaddi == my grandfather (idafa/possessive phrase, noun + attached pronoun)

في == fi == in (preposition)

مَزْرَعَتِهِ == mazraatehi == his farm (idafa/possessive phrase, noun + attached pronoun)

سَعيداً == saaeedan == happy (the Hal)

رَاضِياً == radian == satisfied (the Hal)

Further analysis:

1. مَزْرَعَتِهِ

مَزْرَعَتِ + هِ 

hi + mazraate

his + farm 

possessive pronoun + noun

possessor + possessed

Possessed/mudaf is always genitive. As we know that pronoun are indeclinable (they will not change case ending). But there

is exception to the rule. The possessive pronoun هُ, هُم and هُنَّ will decline only in one case when they are preceded by ي or kasra.

Here possessive pronoun هُ is preceded by kasrah so it will take kasrah.

I have already explained idafa/possessive phrase :)

2. The Hal

A term used for a noun in accusative to express that state of another noun.

Example:

دَخَلَ الْوَلَدُ بَاكِياً

Here الْوَلَدُ is sahib al-hal and  بَاكِياً is hal. The hal is accusative and explain the state of sahib al-hal. The hal agree with the noun in these things:

1. Number (singular plural)

2. Gender (masculine feminine)

In our sentence above both سَعيداً and رَاضِياً are hal. 

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